Eastern Canada Avian Association

Promoting the Human Avian Bond

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PLANTS, SHRUBS, TREES
AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

Almost every bird enjoys chewing on the bark of a fresh tree branch. Avian vets often recommend such chewing activity as important occupational therapy.  
A couple of the most commonly asked questions Jo has are: 

1. Which  plants and branches are harmful and which are safe

2.  Substances  toxic to our birds. 

Weather it be house plants, garden plants, fruit trees, wood branches, berries, seeds, etc. that our birds come into contact with, we need to be aware of which is safe and which is toxic.  While one part of the plant/tree/bush  may be safe, another part, be it a stem, leaf, fruit, etc.  may be toxic, which is why you may see plants listed on both lists here.  Whenever in doubt PLEASE AIR ON THE SIDE OF CAUTION. 

Please remember any wood used for perches and toys has to be pesticide and chemical free.  Scrub well with disinfectant, rinse and dry in the sun or on low setting in the oven to kill any molds or bugs.  If you collect scraps of woods from lumberyards for toy making, be sure it has not been treated with any preservatives.

PLANTS, SHRUBS, TREES

Safe Plants

  • Acacia
  • African Violets
  • Africian Daisy
  • Alyssum
  • Aluminum Plant
  • Aloe  
  • Areca / Butterfly Cane
  • Asparagus Fern
  • Australian Umbrella Tree
  • Baby's Tears
  • Bachelor's Buttons
  • Ballon Flower
  • Bamboo
  • Bee Balm
  • Begonia
  • Bird Nest Fern
  • Bird of Paradise
  • Black-eyed Susan Vine
  • Blue Marquerite
  • Bottle Palm
  • Boston Fern
  • Bougainvillea
  • Bromeliads
  • Bush Cherry
  • Butterfly Bush
  • Cactus (Mostly non toxic except for pencil cactus, peyote/mescaline, candelabra cactus)
  • Calendula
  • Camellia
  • Canna Lily
  • Carpet Bugle
  • Chamomile
  • Chicory
  • Chickweed
  • China Doll
  • China Aster
  • Christmas Cactus
  • Cissus / Kangaroo Vines
  • Coffee Tree
  • Coleus
  • Comfreyy
  • Coral Bells
  • Corcus (Spring Blooming)
  • Corn Plant
  • Cosmos
  • Crabapple
  • Crap Myrtle
  • Creeping Charlie
  • Dahlia
  • Dandelion
  • Day Lilly
  • Dogwood
  • Donkey Tail / Burro's Tail
  • Dracaena Varieties
  • Dragon Tree
  • Easter Cactus
  • Gold Dust Dracaena
  • Elephant Foot Tree
  • Ferns:
      Asparagus (Not A True Fern)
      Bird Nest Fern
      Boston Fern
      Brake
      Ribbon
      Dish
      Button
      Motherfern
      Maidenhair
      Sword
      Squirrel's Foot
      Deer's Foot
      Fiji
      Polypody
      Ball
      Staghorn
      Elk's Horn
  • Figs
  • .creeping
  • .rubber
  • .fiddle leaf
  • Figs
  • .laurel leaf
  • Gardenia
  • Gold Dust
  • Grape Hyacinth
  • Grape Ivy
  • Hawthorn
  • Honey Locust
  • Hen and Chickens
  • Hibiscus
  • Honeysuckle
  • Huckleberry
  • Impatiens
  • India Hawthorn
  • Jade Plant
  • Kalanchoe
  • Larch
  • Lipstick Plant
  • Lilac
  • Madagascar Dragon
  • Madagascar Jasime
  • Madagascar Lace Plant
  • Madrona
  • Magnolia
  • Mango (fruit)
  • Marigold
  • Maternity Plant
  • Monkey Plant
  • Moon Magic
  • Motherof Pearls
  • Mother-In-Laws Tongue
  • Mountain Ash
  • Nasturtium
  • Natal Plum
  • Nectarine
  • Nerve Plant
  • Norfolk Island Pine
  • Orchids
  • Oregano
  • Painted Needle
  • Palms:
      Areca Bamboo
      Bottle
      Fern Date
      European Fan
      Fan
      Fishtail
      Howeia
      Kentia
      Lady
      Parlour
      Phoenix / Date Palm
      Pony Tail Palm (Not A True Palm)
      Pygmy Date
      Rhapis
      Roebelin
      Sago (Not a true palm)
      Sentry Palm
  • Pansies (Purple, white & yellow bi-color blooms are safe)
  • Parsley
  • Papaya
  • Passion Flower Vine
  • Peacock Plant
  • Peppermint
  • Peperomia
  • Petunia
  • Pilea
  • Piggyback Plant
  • Piggyback begonia
  • Pittosporum
  • Pink Polka Dot Plant
  • Polygonum Baldschuanicum
  • Pony Tail Palm (Not A Palm)
  • Prayer Plant
  • Prune
  • Purple Passion / Purple Nettle
  • Purple Tiger
  • Pyracantha (Ripe Berries Only)
  • Raspberry
  • Red-Margined Dracaena
  • Rose
  • Rubber Plant
  • Rubus Odoratus
  • Russian Vine
  • Sago Palm (Not a True Palm)
  • Sassafras
  • Schefflera (Umbrella)
  • Sedum
  • Sensitive Plant
  • Snake Plant
  • Spider Plant / Airplane Plant
  • Snowberry
  • Swedish Ivy
  • Tahitian Bridal Veil
  • Thanksgiving Cactus
  • Thistle
  • Thurlow
  • Thyme
  • Ti Plant
  • Toyon Tree / California
  • Wandering Jew
  • Wax Plant
  • White Clover
  • Velvet Plant / Purple Passion
  • Yucca
  • Zebra Plant
  • Zinnia

Safe Woods
  • Apple
  • Arbutus
  • Ash
  • Aspen
  • Birch
  • Beech
  • Citrus (any)
  • Cottonwood
  • Crabapple
  • Dogwood
  • Elm
  • Eucalyptus
  • Fir (balsam, douglas, sub-apline,white)
  • Guava
  • Hawthorn
  • Kiln dried Pine Larch
  • Madrona
  • Magnolia
  • Manzanita
  • Norfolk Island Pine
  • Maple
  • Nut (except chestnut & oak) 
  • Oak (clean and disinfect thoroughly)
  • Papaya
  • Palms (areca, date, fan, lady, parlour)
  • Palms (howeia, kentia, phoenix, sago)
  • Pear
  • Pine
  • Poplar
  • Prune
  • Ribbonwood
  • Sassafras
  • Sequoia (redwood)
  • Thurlow
  • Vine Maple
  • Willows:
      Goat  
      Weeping

Dangerous Plants / Toxic / Poison
  • Aconite (all parts)
  • African Boxwood
  • Agapanthus (sap)
  • Agave
  • Alacia
  • Amaryllis (bulbs)
  • American Yew (nedles, seed)
  • Anthurium
  • Apricot (pits)
  • Aralia
  • Arborvitae
  • Arrowhead Vine (leaves)
  • Arum Lily  (all parts)
  • Autumn Crocus / Meadow Saffron  (all parts)
  • Australian Flametree
  • Avocado
  • Azalea (leaves)
  • Balsam Pear (seeds,outer rind of fruit)
    Baneberry (berries, roots)
  • Beans: (all types if uncooked)
      Castor
      Horse
      Fava
      Broad
      Glory
      Scarlet Runner
      Mescal
      Navy
      Pregatory
  • Birch
  • Bird of Paradise (seed)
  • Bishop's Weed
  • Bittersweet Nightshade
  • Black Laurel
  • Black Locust (bark, sprouts, foliage)
  • Bleeding Heart / Dutchman's Breeches
  • Bloodroot
  • Bluebonnet
  • Bluegreen Algae (some forms toxic)
  • Boxwood (leaves, stems)
  • Bracken Fern
  • Broomcorn Grass
  • Buckthorn (fruit, bark)
  • Bulb Flowers:
      Amaryllis Daffodil
      Narcissus
      Hyacinth
      Iris
  • Burdock
  • Buttercup (sap, bulbs)
  • Bushman's poison
  • Cacao
  • Cactus (pencil, peyote/mescaline,candelabra)
  • Camel Bush
  • Castor Bean (beans, leaves)
  • Caladium (leaves)
  • Calla Lily (leaves)
  • Cana Lily
  • Candelabra Tree
  • Carnation
  • Cardinal Flower
  • Century Plant
  • Chalice Vine / Trumpet Vine
  •  Challce Vine (all parts)
  • Cherry Tree (bark, twigs, leaves, pits)
  • China Berry Tree
  • Chinese Evergreen
  • Chinese Lantern
  • Chokecherry
  • Christmas Candle (sap)
  • Chrysanthemum
  • Clematis / Virginia Bower (all parts)
  • Clivia
  • Cocklebur
  • Coffee (Senna)
  • Coffee Bean / Rattlebush / Rattlebox & Coffeeweed
  • Columbine
  • Common Burdock
  • Copperleaf
  • Coral Plant (seeds)
  • Coriander
  • Corncockle
  • Cotoneaster
  •  Coyotillo
  • Cowslip / Marsh Marigold  (all parts)
  • Crape Myrtle
  • Crinum Lily
  • Crown of Thorns (sap)
  • Croton (sap)
  • Cyclamen
  •  Cut leaf Philodendron
  • Daffodil (bulbs)
  • Daphne (berries)
  • Datura Stramoniun / Angel's Trumpet (berries)
  • Deadly Amanita (all parts)
  • Death Camus (all parts)
  • Delphinium (all parts)
  • Devil's Ivy
  • Dieffenbachia / Dumb Cane (leaves)
  • Dumb Cane
  • Dusty Miller
  • Easter Lily
  • Echium
  • Eggplant (Only fruit is safe)
  • Elderberry
  • Elephant Ear / Taro (leaves, stem)
  • English Ivy (berries, leaves)
  • English Laurel
  • Ergot
  • Eucalyptus
  • Euonymus / Spindle Tree  (all parts)
  • Euphorbia Cactus
  • False Henbane (all parts)
  • Flame Tree
  • Felt Plant / Maternity / Air & Panda Plants
  • Figs: (if much is eaten these plants can make a bird ill)
      Creeping
      Edible
      Fiddleleaf Fig
      Laurel Leaf
      Rubber Plant
      Weeping
  • Firethorn / Pyracantha
  • Fishtail Palm
  • Flamingo Flower (leaves, stem)
  • Fly Agaric Mushroom / Deadly Amanita
  • Four O'Clock
  • Foxglove (leaves, seeds)
  • Foxtail Barley
  • Gladiolus
  • Glory Lily
  • Glory Bean
  • Glottidium
  • Golden Chain / Laburnum (all parts, especially seeds)
  • Gopher Plant
  • Grasses:
      Johnson
      Sorghum
      Sudan
      Broom Corn
  • Ground Cherry
  • Ground Ivy
  • Heather
  • Heaths:
      Kalmia
      Leucotho
      Peires
      Rhododenron
      Mountain Laurel
      Black Laurel
      Andromeda
      Azalea
  • Heliotrope
  • Hellebore
  • Hemlock (Poison in plant & water)  (all parts, especially roots and seeds)
  • Henbane (seeds)
  • Holly (berries)
  • Honey Bush
  • Honey Locust
  • Horse Chestnut / Buckeye (nuts, twigs)
  • Horsetail 
  • Hoya
  • Hyacinth (bulbs)
  • Hydrangea (flower bud)
  • Indian Licorice Bean
  • Indian Turnip (Jack -in-the-pulpit) (all parts)
  • Iris / Blue Flag (bulbs)
  • Ivy (English & Others) (leaves and berries)
  • Japanese Yew
  • Japanese Aucuba
  • Japanese Pieris
  • Jasmine / Jessamine
  • Jatropha
  • Java Bean (Lima bean) (uncooked bean)
    Jerusalem Cherry (berries)
  • Jepuirity Bean
  • Jimsonweed / Thornapple  (leaves, seeds)
  • Johnson Grass
  • Juniper (needles, stems, berries)
  • Kentucky Coffee Tree
  • Kaffir Lily
  • Lantana / Red Sage (immature berries)
  • Laurel Cherry (all parts)
  • Larkspur (all parts)
  • Lily of the Valley (Poison in plant & Water) (all parts, including the water in which they have been kept)
  • Lily, Arum
  • Lima Bean (uncooked bean)
  • Lobelia (all parts)
  • Locoweed / Milk Vetch (all parts)
  • Locusts: Black & Honey
  • Lords & ladies / Cuckoopint (all parts)
  • Love-in-a-mist
  • Love-lies-bleeding
  • Lupine / Bluebonnet
  • Malanga
  • Mandrake
  • Mango Tree
  • Marijuana / Hemp (leaves)
  • Marsh Marigold
  • Mayapple / Mandrake (all parts, except fruit)
  • Meadow Saffron
  • Ming Aralia
  • Mescal Beans (seeds)
  • Mexican Breadfruit
  • Medican Poppy
  • Milkweed / Cotton Bush
  • Mistletoe
  • Mock Orange (fruit)
  • Monkshood / Aconite (leaves, roots)
  • Moonseed
  • Morning Glory (all parts - seeds)
  • Mountain Laurel
  • Mushrooms, Amanita
  • Myrtle
  • Myoporum
  • Naked Lady
  • Natal Plum
  • Narcissus (bulbs)
  • Nectarine
  • Nettles
  • Nightshades: (all types - berries, leaves)
      Deadly
      Black
      Garden
      Woody
      Bittersweet
      Eggplant
      Jerusalem Cherry
  • Nutmeg
  • Oak
  • Oleander (leaves, branches, nectar of blossoms)
  • Oxalis
  • Parsley
  • Parlor Ivy (all parts)
  • Peace Lily
  • peach  (pits)
  • Pencil Tree  (sap)
  • Periwinkle
  • Philodendrons: (leaves, stem)
      Split Leaf
      Swiss Cheese
      Heart-leaf
  • Pigweed
  • Pikeweed (leaves, roots, immature berries)
  • Pine needles & berries
  • Pittosporum
  • Plum
  • Poinciana
  • Poinsettia (leaves, flowers)
  • Poison Ivy (sap)
  • Poison Hemlock
  • Poison Oak: (sap) (acorns, foliage)
      Western
      Eastern
  • Pokeweed / Inkberry (leaves, roots, unripe berries)
  • Potato (Roots & Eyes)
  • Pothos (Devil's Ivy) (all parts)
  • Pregnant Onion
  • Primose
  • Privet
  • Prune
  • Pyracantha
  • Rain Tree
  • Ranunculus / Buttercup (sap)
  • Rape
  • Rattlebox / Crotalaria
  • Red Maple
  • Red Sage / Lantana
  • Rhubarb (The Leaves)
  • Rhododendrons (all parts)
  • Rosary Pea Seed / Indian Licorice (seeds)
  • Sandbox Tree
  • Scarlet Runner Beans Schefflera
  • Skunk Cabbage (all parts)
  • Snake Plant
  • Snowdrop (all parts, especially buds)
  • Snow on the Mountain / Ghostweed (all parts)
  • Snowflake
  • Sorghum Grass
  • Sorrel
  • Spider Lily
  • Spindle Tree (all parts)
  • Sudan Grass
  • Spurges:
      Pencil Tree
      Snow-on-mountain
      Candelabra
      Crown of Thorns
  • Star of Bethlehem
  • St. John's Wort
  • Sweet Pea (seeds and fruit)
  • Swill Cheese Plant / Monstera
  • Tansy Ragwort
  • Tomato (all but the fruit)
  • Tobacoo (leaves)
  • Toyon
  • Umbrella Plant/Tree
  • Vetch: Hairy & Common
  • Virginia Creeper (sap)
  • Water Hemlock
  • Wattle
  • Weeping Fig
  • Western Yew (needles, seeds)
  • White Cedar / China Berry
  • Wild Onion
  • Wind Flower
  • Wintersweet
  • Wisteria (all parts)
  • Yam Bean (roots,immature pods)
  • Yarrow
  • Yews (English & Japanese seeds) Needles, seeds)
  • Yew Pine
  • Yellow Jessamine (flowers)
  • Yellow Oleander

SEEDS OF: 
Apple, Apricot, Black Cherry, Crabapple, Loquat, Nectarine, Peach,Pear, Plum

Information from Gary Gallerstein, Bird Owner's Home Health and Care Handbook; Birds USA Magazine; Birds USA Annual 1992, author Bonnie Munroe Doane;   Gillian Ward;  Parrot Chronicles,  (based on the California Poison Control System);  Wade and Carol Oliyer, Parrot Pleasures,Safe wood products,


SUBSTANCES TOXIC TO OUR BIRDS

Fumes:  Because of the nature of the avian respiratory tract, birds are extremely sensitive to chemical fumes, smoke and environmental toxins. After common kitchen odors, paint fumes, pesticides and smoke are the most common problem areas. Birds should be removed for at least 24 to 48 hours after any odor-producing chemicals are used in the home or until all detectable smells have disappeared.  For everyday household odors, air filters can be helpful.

Lead and Zinc:  Lead and zinc poisoning are real threats to birds.  A bird's natural curiosity and strong beak make peeling and swallowing these soft metals very easy.  Unfortunately, sources of lead and zinc can still be found in our homes today. 


Foods to Avoid Feeding
  • Alcohol
  • Avocado
  • Chocolate
  • Moldy Foods
  • Mushrooms (some varities)
  • Raw meat
  • Raw poultry
  • Raw onions

Miscellaneous

  • Ant Syrup or paste
  • Antifreeze
  • Asbestos
  • Aspirin
  • Bathroom bowl cleaner
  • Boric Acid
  • Camphophenique
  • Clinitest tablets
  • Copper and brass cleaners
  • Corn and wart removers
  • Crayons
  • Detergents
  • Fire Crackers
  • Furniture polish
  • Galvanized metal (if galvanized coating is coming off)
  • Gunpowder
  • Gun Cleaner
  • Insecticides
  • Lead shot
  • Linoleum (contains lead salts)
  • Lye
  • Match tips
  • Moth balls
  • Muriatic acid
  • Prescription and non-prescription drugs
  • Shoe polish
  • Stained glass windows (leading)
  • Silver polish
  • Snail bait
  • Zinc items
  • All lead items, foil, curtain weights, fishing weights

Potential Dangers

  • Frayed electrical wiring
  • Hot pot, pan, utensils
  • Hot water from tap
  • Lit electric stoves
  • Lit gas stoves
  • Lit wood stoves
  • Poisonous plants
  • Rotating window or ceiling fans
  • Uncurtained windows.
Fumes
  • Aerosol propellant
  • Aerosol ingredient
  • Bleach
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Charcoal lighter
  • Chlordane
  • Chlorine
  • Corn and Wart remover
  • Deodorants
  • Drain Cleaners
  • Epoxy glue
  • Fabric softeners
  • Flea bombs
  • Floor cleaners
  • Floor polish
  • Formaldehyde
  • Gasoline
  • Garden Sprays
  • Hair spray, dyes
  • Hexachlorophene (in some soaps)
  • Indelible markers
  • Kerosine
  • Lighter fluid
  • Model glue
  • Nail polish and remover
  • Naphtha products
  • Oven cleaners
  • Paints, lacquers, varnish, shellac
  • Paint remover, thinner
  • Perfume
  • Permanent wave solutions
  • Pesticides
  • Photographic solutions
  • Pine oil
  • Propane
  • Podenticides
  • Rubbing alcohol
  • Shaving lotion
  • Spot remover
  • Spray starch
  • Smoke
  • Syrychnine
  • Super glue
  • Suntan lotion
  • Teflon
  • Turpentine
  • Wax
  • Weed Killers
Information from Gary Gallerstein, Bird Owner's Home Health and Care Handbook; Birds USA Magazine; Birds USA Annual 1992, author Bonnie Munroe Doane

Please note all photos and content are the property of Tiny Rascals Aviary.  PLEASE ask permission.

Copyright 2002 - 2006 Joanne and Louis Cormier